Manipulates History Essay

Richard III Manipulates the Court of York in the same way that Shakespeare Manipulates History. Discuss the links between the playwright and protagonist.  Richard may be portrayed as an evil, vile, lying murderer but he actually has many aspects in common with the man who shaped him into this revolting state of mind, Shakespeare himself. Shakespeare’s Richard III is one of the only written documents we have describing this misapprehended king and Shakespeare was born many years after his death so he had no possible way of knowing what happened first hand. All evidence points to Shakespeare’s ideas being total fiction just as the Richard he describes lies and slanders to the courts. When we first meet Richard he instantly begins a soliloquy to the audience who are captivated with resentment for him as they are the people included in his plots and plans and are powerless to impede them. Right from the start he establishes himself as a synonym for evil. He portrays to the audience about his physical deformity with pleasure, which we later see is a metaphor for his psychological state of mind. Being ‘Cheated of feature by dissembling nature’ (Act I Scene 1 line 19) he uses it to mask his evil and rationalize his becoming a villain. He feigns upset and disappointment that people hate him solely because of his malformation and routinely feel sympathy for him.  Ã¢â‚¬ËœBecause I cannot flatter and look fair,  Smile in men’s faces smooth, deceive and cog  Ã¢â‚¬ ¦I must be held a rancorous enemy.’  (Act I Scene 3 Lines 43-50)  This of course is an example of dramatic irony as the audience and Richard both know that he really should be held a rancorous enemy and he does ‘flatter, smile smooth, deceive and cog’ for example when he woos Anne in almost impossible circumstances. He validates his impiety by telling the audience of his boredom with life. He states ‘I †¦ have no delight to pass away the time’ (Act I Scene 1 line 25) as he cannot ‘caper nimbly in a lady’s chamber’ (Line 12). Now the war is over there is nothing he is good at so he resorts to the only other thing he has left: using his aptitude to cause others misery. To him it is merely exciting to nearly get caught. He wants to be king but not for the joy of being king but for the suspense of getting there. All he really wishes to do is make his tedious life more interesting as really he has no need to be higher than he is at the beginning as the Duke of Gloucester is a very high position with nearly as much money as the king would have had as he was his brother. In any case he was definitely well off where he was.  Shakespeare was living under the reign of Elizabeth I and as would often write plays for royalty, he created one for her. Writing a play would definitely impress Elizabeth and get him into her good books, he would certainly have gotten a large sum of money for it if she liked it. This was the time of the Tudor dynasty the foundation of which was when Richard III was killed and Richmond became king. By writing this play Shakespeare set out to diminish the fact that this had undermined the Divine Right of Kings. If he had portrayed Richard as a good man then Richmond could have been said to be wrong and evil for killing a righteous man and his claim to the throne devalued along with Elizabeth I as they were related. Shakespeare would have most likely been killed for suggesting this, but by making Richmond seem virtuous benevolent and respectable he was also flattering the Queen. Through the course of the play Richard doesn’t ever think twice about quickly disposing of enemies in his way. He cleverly lets them seal their own fate with one word. When Hastings was no longer any use to him he first used Buckingham to stir things up and push him onto thin ice. Then Richard comes onstage in an angry mood talking of witchcraft and as soon as Hastings says ‘If they have done this, my noble lord- ‘ (Act III Scene 4 Line 72) Richard immediately and tactfully picks up the word ‘if’. It is what he has been waiting for and clamours ‘Talk’st thou to me of ifs? Thou art a traitor. Off with his head!’ (Lines 74-75) He has skilfully sealed Hastings fate with one word. He also uses the fact that the two princes are illegitimate as an excuse to murder them, telling Buckingham ‘I wish the bastards dead’ (Act IV Scene 2 Line 19) But he has the common sense not to make a public matter and hires a private assassinator to do the butchery.  From the very beginning when Richard successfully woos Anne he reveals to the audience that he does not truly care about her at all and will unhesitatingly get rid of her as soon as she begins to get in his way. He says ‘I’ll have her, but I will not keep her long’ (Act I Scene 2 Line 233) and as soon Richard sees that the best way to the throne is to marry his niece he quickly disposes of Anne with little thought telling Catesby to ‘Rumour it abroad that Anne my wife is very grievous sick’ (Act IV Scene 2 Line 52) and ‘Give out that Anne my queen is sick and like to die’ (Line 58). With this rumour spread Richard can easily kill Anne off without raising suspicion as everybody is expecting her to die. The play begins unusually with Richard himself giving a soliloquy. In it he brags to the audience about the ‘plots [I have] laid, inductions dangerous †¦ Clarence and the king in deadly hate’ (Act I Scene 1 Lines 34-35). He cycles through his strategies with the audience saying ‘†G† of Edward’s heirs the murderer shall be’ (Line 41) is a rumour he has spread. This is also moderately dangerous for Richard to say as he is the duke of Gloucester. But Richard is just playing with fire and finds the slight danger amusing as it makes his life more interesting and exciting. When Clarence arrives with the prison guard he immediately transforms to a caring, loving brother but subtly plays on words saying ‘I will perform it to enfranchise you’ (Line 110) which means to Clarence that Richard will do anything to free him but the audience and Richard both know that he will do anything to free Clarence from life. This is the same case later when he tells Clarence ‘Your imprisonment shall not be long’ (Line 114) as the audience also knows that this is because he will be dead soon. As soon as Clarence is out of earshot, Richard mutates back into his true identity stating ‘Clarence hath not another day to live’ (Line 151). He is proud of his management of Clarence but tells himself and the audience ‘Clarence still breathes, Edward still reigns, when they are gone, then must I count my gains’ (Lines 162-163). His plan is not complete yet. Richard’s plan is rushed somewhat when there is news that the king is on his deathbed. He wants Edward to die but not before he has signed Clarence’s death warrant and so goes to Edward ‘To urge his hatred more to Clarence’ (Line 148). He is ‘Deformed, unfinished, sent before [my] time’ (Act I Scene 1 Line 20) and may kill anyone anytime, but is not just pure evil. He is also an extremely intelligent character, with his quick thinking and clever use of words, who could possibly have been a great king if he would use his vast intellect for good, which is mainly why the play is not only a history but also a tragedy, as we know Richard could make something of himself.  The court of York is already very unstable, the king is ill, the heir to the throne is a child and his protector is Richard, ‘A man that loves not me nor none of you’ (Act I Scene 3 Line 13) and Richard uses this to his advantage. When Elizabeth threatens to g to the king about Richard he immediately comes out with all the crimes she had committed against the king.

Sarah Dessen Research Peper

Love is a powerful thing, but can be quickly damaged when those who love, abandon their loved ones. Author Sarah Dessen portrays many themes and subjects in her works, most of which include love, friendship, romance, and abandonment. One of Dessen's works is Lock and Key, where Dessen's story telling method fits the feel of the story, allowing it to move forward as Ruby lives day by day but still clings to her past. It's a thought provoking and intelligent story about all kinds of relationships and love.Another novel by Dessen is Along for the Ride which is also about new elationships, romance, and getting through the past. It feels as if Auden is sharing confidence as she discovers that people are not easy to figure out and can change. She is quite the original character. Author Sarah Dessen deals with the theme of abandonment and romance in the novels Lock and Key, and Along for the Ride There are many traits and characteristics that come along with all characters. The main charact er from Along for the Ride is Auden. She is an independent young woman who never got to experience a normal childhood.Since Auden was never given ttention she always did what her parents wanted trying to get some recognition, so she immersed herself into her school work in order to succeed like her parents. Auden is a very smart individual; she went to private schools her whole life, and got accepted to her first choice of college. The main character from Lock and Key is Ruby who is very independent and does not take help from others. Everyone has abandoned her so why wouldn't people she met in a new place do the same? So she grew up thinking that no one could be trusted.She is closed off and does not open up to people; she is alone most of the time and prefers it that way. Both Auden and Ruby grew up independently, they were abandoned by their parents in form of parenting and had to grow up as an individual, which led them to stay closed off from others. The selections didn't only have main characters with common traits but also shared some similar themes. When reading a story of any kind there always themes expressed throughout. Some themes are obvious while others are vague. And some stories have multiple themes while others have one.Some of the themes expressed in both novels are: it's important to be able to open up to others and express ndividuality; certain people can be trusted over time; Friendships are important and can be found in unexpected places; Finding friends can also help a person find themselves. Also for both novels, it's never too late to do anything. A person should never feel like they can't do something because the time for it passed; don't Judge anything or anyone; when a person meets someone new they shouldn't instantly judge and categorize the individual; No one ever knows who a person is Just from their looks.Express individuality be able to open up; No one should close themselves off to anyone. Both novels shared many similar theme s, and have expressed the struggles that the characters had to deal with. We all face many struggles throughout life, some harder than others. Throughout the novels Lock and Key and Along for the Ride both the main characters, Ruby and Auden, face many struggles, involving many things from love and romance to family and abandonment. Ruby feels alone and lost after being abandoned by her mother and so many other people in her life.Ruby never received any attention trom ner mother growing up; the li ttle attention sne d receive was violent and not welcomed. Ruby was never really told the truth; her mother made her think her father wanted to leave her and her sister wanted nothing to do with her, which caused Ruby to struggle and suffer greatly. Auden never had the childhood most children had experienced. Missing out on many things, she wasn't like most kids her age. Auden always met their high expectations for school and what they approved.She was never given much of any attention fro m her parents so she was immersed in school while other kids would be immersed in friends and sports. Since she always met her parent's expectations she was never given any of the attention she deserved. Both characters faced struggles of being abandoned they were completely ignored and kept to themselves. All people are used to routine one way or another, whether they are used to the same set schedule every day or they are used to the routine of change. Auden always enjoyed being alone, up all night going to same cafe every night.She was used to the same old schedule, living with her successful mother, keeping to herself mostly, and going to school. Ruby was used to the always changing, unexpected life style. Alone with Just her mother, Ruby was always moving around until her mom left too. She as used to living on her own as a teen when abandoned by her mother for good. She was used to her mother's unexplained absences, and her mother abandoning her once and for all was Just a part of the routine she was used to, chaos. But routines break and so does the chaos, opening up new beginnings.We may have the routines that we stick to but everything changes; the only thing constant is change, which opens up new beginnings. Auden changes her regular routine when she goes out of her comfort zone and decides to spend the summer at her dad's. Auden tries things she normally wouldn't, feeling she missed out on a lot. She makes new friends and gets more involved with the people around her and mostly her family. Auden learns it's never too late to do what she missed out on. With Auden's new start, her and her new friend Eli make a quest to do what Auden's missed out on, and along the way learn the true meaning of friendship.Opening up for Ruby is difficult; she likes to hold things in; she does not ever express her feelings because with her upbringing she felt no one could be trusted; in her new home, however, she is learning that it's okay to open up and take help when sh e needs it. Ruby, once being closed off, learns o change for the better; she starts to open up and reach out to others which she wouldn't normally have done. It was difficult for Ruby to get used to such a new lifestyle, now in a big, expensive house living with her sister who she thought had abandoned her, with new people, new friends, new things learned and to be learned.Both of the girls, Auden and Ruby, change and start off on new beginnings in new environments; they both start to reconnect with who they had been abandoned by. They are also starting to open up to new friends, some whom seem to be a little more than Just friends. Love is powerful and healing; it is all around us, and it is what helps us to keep on pushing through the hardships in life. Friendships, friends, or any relationships were the last thing Ruby was looking for, but over time relationships and friendships began to develop in the least likely of places.

Dramatic Irony in Oedipus the King Essay

All throughout the play, Oedipus the King, Sophocles builds the entire story using dramatic irony. Despite Oedipus’s ignorance about who he is, Sophocles uses dramatic irony to let the readers know who Oedipus truly is and to hint at what all will take place throughout the entire story. Sophocles uses many different scenes throughout the play that portray dramatic irony. Although, the three most important are Oedipus’s curse towards himself, Oedipus’s insult to Tiresias, and the fortune-teller’s prophecy about Oedipus. The first act of dramatic irony is Oedipus’s curse towards himself. Out of anger, at not being able to find the murderer of Laius, Oedipus intends to curse the murderer. However, he is actually cursing himself. For instance, in scene one Oedipus says, â€Å"And this curse, too, against the one who did it, whether alone in secrecy, or with others: may he wear out his life unblest and evil!† (1,1,251) As these harsh words leave Oedipus’s mouth, he never once thinks he will be cursing himself; but the audience know that he indeed is placing the curse upon himself. This is an example of dramatic irony because the audience knows that Oedipus himself is the murderer that he is seeking to find; however, Oedipus, Creon, and Jocasta do not. Another example of dramatic irony is how Oedipus insults the old man, Tiresias. In anger, Oedipus says, â€Å"In truth, but not in you! You have no strength, blind in your eyes, your reason, and your eyes.† (1,1,375) These words anger Tiresias even more than he already is, so he replies to Oedipus, â€Å"Unhappy man! Those jeers you hurl at me before long all these men will hurl at you.† (1,1,377) All of Tiresias’ words come into existence. The dramatic irony in the statement Oedipus hurls at Tiresias results in Oedipus becoming blind himself. Not physically blind at first, but he could not see what his own true identity is at that moment. Also, after finding out who he truly is and as he looks down on Jocasta’s (Oedipus’s mother/wife) dead body, Oedipus plunges out his own eyes using the pins from Jocasta’s clothes so that he can see no more evil. The final example of dramatic irony is the fortune-teller’s prophecy. In the beginning of the play, Laius and Jocasta have to make an important decision about whether or not to kill their son in order to save Laius’s life. The fortune-teller has delivered a prophecy to the couple which said their son will grow up to kill his father and marry to his mother. Thus, they pierce his ankles together and give him to a shepherd who is ordered to kill the child. Instead of killing him, the shepherd gives him to another shepherd who takes Oedipus and gives him to King Polybus and Queen Merope from Corinth to raise. By doing this, the shepherd does not know he is actually helping the prophecy to come true. In addition, Oedipus grows up and is also given the same prophecy, so he flees from Corinth to find somewhere else to live. By doing this, Oedipus also helps the prophecy to come to past. Along the way to find his new home, Oedipus kills an old man in self-defense, who is later discovered to be Laius (his father). After taking over Laius’s thrown and marrying Laius’s wife (Jocasta/ Oedipus’s mother), Oedipus later finds out that the prophecy has come true. Not only has the prophecy come true, but Oedipus has played a huge part in helping it come to past. He finds that running from the prophecy has caused him to actually run into the life which the prophet has warned him about rather than saving him from the life which he despises and thinks he has escaped. The dramatic irony behind these events is, although Oedipus thinks he has defeated the prophecy, the prophecy is being fulfilled throughout the story without the knowledge of the main characters. Although Oedipus, along with most of the other characters, does not know what is actually going on during the play, the audience does. Because of Sophocles’ ability to use dramatic irony throughout the play, it gives the readers the ability to know everything that is going to happen before it actually takes place. Even though Sophocles uses many scenes to portray dramatic irony, the three most important are Oedipus’s curse, Oedipus’s insult, and the fortune-teller’s prophecy.

The Five Dysfunctions of a Team Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Five Dysfunctions of a Team - Essay Example All the departments are dependent on each other and they should exhibit high level of trust on each other. Kathryn explained to the group that teamwork begins with building trust. She focused a lot on this issue as she knows this is the prime reason for the lack of communication between the team members. Kathryn explained to Jeff that from team point of view they are totally broken. Jeff assumed that Mickey has to do the entire thing with Marketing, Martins to develop products, and JR’s to make sales. No one ever shared much information with other. They use to work in isolation, every executive focused on its individual department success. Employees refer to themselves not as a team but as a staff. There was no team or team work, executives were working as individuals. There was no team effort, each individual was competent, one of the best from the industry but together they were a disaster. This created obstacles for the company in achieving its goals, even though it had best people in the organization but company failed to make them work as a team. Kathryn gave this speech multiple times that they had more experience and talented team than any of their competitors, more cash, better core technology, more powerful board of directors than any of other in the industry. But still they were far behind their two competitors. Each one of them works individually, but not as a team. Discussions were slow and boring, No one argued with another. Teammates at Decision Tech’s usually didn’t question another and there was no sense of healthy arguments during meeting. People were least interested and there was no culture of feedback among executives. They didn’t consider that their contribution can be fruitful for company. They were all busy in their own departments meeting their individual conflicting targets. There was no outcome of the time-bounded meetings. Meetings started and ended at a

Article Review pertaining to Ethics Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Review pertaining to Ethics - Article Example Most of these stories flowing within the companies are well established and openly expressed narratives with a clear design. However, some stories are fragmented and hidden from the public lime light. Stories have a moral position within organizations as they contain and deal with both bad and good issues. We can therefore conclude that story telling is a suitable tool for studying ethics within organizations (Gabriel, 2004). Stories on the other hand can be informative of leadership styles used within a company. This is because stories may refer to more democratic and empowering leadership. Instead of direct and intimidating command, stories are interpreted with a view to influence the listener or the follower. On the contrary, an empowering story may turn out to be disempowering to the follower or precisely to employees in an organization. Stories can also be used as a seduction or manipulation tool to staff in an organization. Manipulation in many cases is viewed as a non-ethical way of leadership. The use of hidden power is accounted for as stories are seen as latent way to influence followers (Boje, 2001). Plato stated that anyone who narrates the story governs. To further clarify; this means the narrator has the ability to influence followers through a discursive reality. The narrator can create a publicly expressed social reality and shape it to their desired motives. This places focus on ethical dimensions in leadership stories. Through this, an individual may have either good or bad intentions while narrating their story. The narrator may purse to conceal his intentions with manipulation unknowingly to the listener on the power wield attempts falling upon them. Thus, such a position of leadership is termed as bad and unethical (Ciulla, 2005). This begs the question of what kind of leader possess powerful story telling techniques and resources. A charismatic leader

John Rawls' The Laws of Peoples Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

John Rawls' The Laws of Peoples - Essay Example Think of a brother and sister, having happily grown up in the same house; one goes on to become a millionaire and the other is steeped in poverty. In such a case, too, we must ask: where is justice Cannot their wealth be pooled together, giving rise to a state of happy existence similar to when the two were children It is the world with its differential preferences for different virtues that gives rise to inequalities, and we must do what we can to minimize the phenomenon. Coming to Rawls' reasons for reducing inequalities, he says that one reason is to reduce the hardships of the poor. Why are the poor poor in the first place Naturally, the poor are so because they were born poor, and rising from a depth of poverty is, in many cases, well-nigh impossible. We all know the story: poverty leads to crime, crime leads to imprisonment, which leads to further poverty a society, if it to be civilized, must first ensure that none of its citizens are allowed to fall into the hell-hole that poverty is. The second reason Rawls gives is that some people may be treated as inferior if inequalities exist. Here, we need only take the ancient Indian society, for example: there were (and still are) four castes. The first was the priests and teachers; the second was the warriors; the third was the merchants and such; and the fourth was those that did menial work. To each his role. It was natural for a priest to look down upon a menial worker, and the society was for centuries in that condition - but only until, as is natural, human nature took over and the priests began demanding too much. To call a menial worker "lower" than a priest was to call a spade a spade: we now need only look at Indian history to see how that system failed. Rawls goes on to hint at the idea that inequalities are designed to serve the many ends that peoples share, and that each makes contributions according to capacity. I can tentatively accept this viewpoint, but must question the ideality of a society that allows naturally gifted people to be treated in a superior way. It is human nature, yes, but it is the role of a society to minimize such aberrations. Continuing in this socialist vein, I agree entirely with the premises of the resource distribution principle and the global distribution principle, particularly the latter. A people gets to a happy situation by developing, on its own, a structure conducive to the production of wealth. This is due to the natural gift of that people to do this. Consider, for example, the Mongoloid virtue of hard work. The culture of that race is based around the idea that hard work is fulfilling; that hard work is a duty. And what do we see reflected in the real world One can take any case one cares to - Japan, China, Taiwan, Korea. Now, think of the global egalitarian principle: socialism has not worked, but in an ideal world, it would have. That is my bold point. Why should not a certain people donate - even a small part of - their wealth to a people who have simply not been able to build a civilization for themselves, as in the so-called third-world countries Are the people of such countries not har d-working If they are, why are they underdeveloped It is well-nigh impossible to answer; all

Compare and contrast the flood story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Compare and contrast the flood story - Essay Example Despite the chronological and spatial disparity between the Epic of Gilgamesh and the Hebrew Bible, striking similarities abound between them, as shall be seen in the ensuing discussion. The Hebrew Bible and the Epic of Gilgamesh agree that the global flooding took place in ancient times. For instance, the Chaldean Flood Tablets have been established to date back to at least 2000 BC, while the Genesis account, 1450-1410 BC. It is also interesting to note that in both accounts, the universal flood is presented as divine intervention. For instance, in the Chaldean Flood Tablets, there is a description on how Ea, the Babylonian deity reaching a decision to extirpate all life, with the ark dwellers being the only exception. It is for this reason that Ea, the creator of heaven and earth chose Utnapishtim and instructed him to make a six-storey ark. In Genesis, the flood is also a divine intervention by the Judeo-Christian God, Jehovah. He decides to end life forms on earth, chooses (to save) Noah and his family and instructs Noah on how on make the ark. Heidel divulges that in both cases, the flood is universal and brings an end to life forms, particularly, mankind, terrestrial life and all flying species. The flood covered all physical features such as land and mountain. Because of this, an ark is given to the main character. In the Hebrew Bible, the main character is Noah, while in the Epic of Gilgamesh, it is Utnapishtim. In both accounts, Noah and Utnapishtim are chosen because they are righteous men. It is also important to note that in both accounts, the arks are very huge, so that they can contain different animal species. Both arks in Genesis and the Epic of Gilgamesh have at least a door and a window (Heidel, 44). In both accounts, samples of animal species were to be taken aboard the ark. The animals are taken in male-and-female, for the purpose of

Internet Addiction Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Internet Addiction - Article Example Some of the effects include increased depression, loneliness, antisocial behaviors influence into drug use and anxiety, which are exhibited by internet-addicted persons. In addition, the article claims that internet usage has grave effects on the mind of users. The article suggests that the effects on the mind are negative since internet usage requires less utilization of the brain hence reduced brain development. The most important fact in this article is that internet addiction is harming the users. This can be deduced from the author’s argument that â€Å"The current incarnation of the Internet--portable, social, accelerated, and all-pervasive--may be making us not just dumber or lonelier but more depressed and anxious, prone to obsessive-compulsive and attention-deficit disorders, even outright psychotic. Our digitized minds can scan like those of drug addicts, and normal people are breaking down in sad and seemingly new ways.† One of the strengths of the article is that the author makes use of convincing evidence obtained from credible sources. Almost all the claims are supported by evidence from a published study. An extra strength is that the author rarely uses his own opinion to prove a claim. One of the weaknesses of the article is the lack of conclusion. The author puts forward several arguments on how availability and use of the internet have affected human beings but never come to a conclusion. Another weakness is the several unanswered questions that the author has posted. A good example is on what should be done on the issue of internet addiction. The author keeps arguing about the effects of internet overuse but never gives a solution to this problem. In addition, the thesis statement is not well stated. It is only after reading a large part of the article that one can tell the question under discussion.

Talent Management Practice Analysis of Lan Airlines Company Research Paper

Talent Management Practice Analysis of Lan Airlines Company - Research Paper Example Being a highly successful company in Latin America, the company has been known for its ideal business integrated model. Almost 86 years in the aviation industry has allowed the organization to accomplish its desired goals and objectives but still the organization is working towards the accomplishment of its challenging vision (i.e. to be recognized as one of the top 10 airlines in the world) (LAN Airlines. (2013). The utmost attention given to efficiency and performance has resulted in ‘0’ (zero) flight accidents since 1991. The key success factors of LAN include the timely care and professional development of the workforce. This has allowed the organization to perform effectively while providing the employees with several opportunities for development through professional training sessions (LAN Airlines, 2012b). The talent management system at LAN has played a crucial role in the success of the company over the past few decades. Through the talent management system, the organization has continually been provided with opportunities to convert LAN into a highly successful and high performance company in the aviation industry. In addition, the corporate training and development sessions at LAN are considered to be an investment through which it strengthens its workforce to become fundamental pillars of LAN Airlines. As a result of such extensive training sessions, LAN has always been equipped with quality staff (i.e. staff with skills and competencies to overcome internal and external issues effectively). BACKGROUND OF THE INTERVIEWEE Mr. Johnson works as a HR Executive at LAN Airlines and has been with the organization for the past 3 years. He is responsible for... This research paper discusses the talent management of the LAN Airlines company, that could be defined as a systematic process through which an organization ensures quantity as well as quality of people that could help it to achieve the desired business objectives effectively. Through this process, the organization is provided with an opportunity to identify the gaps between the talent available at the organization and the required talent for the profitable achievement of organizational objectives to drive business success. Moreover, organizations have become aware the talent management not just helps in the management of employees but also plays a crucial role in the creation of organizational value. The aim of this research paper is to evaluate the talent management practices taken into consideration at LAN Airlines for the accomplishment of desired goals and objectives. In addition, the practices through which LAN Airlines enhance it values through the talent management practices. For the achievement of the challenging vision of LAN Airlines in a highly competitive industry, the organization has shifted its focus towards the achievement of overall success and increased performance through talent management system. Talent management as well as succession planning has always been the strength of LAN Airlines and has provided the organization with inevitable success over other competitors in the market and with several opportunities to enhance the capabilities and abilities of its workforce.

Occupational health and safety laws in Sydney, NSW Case Study

Occupational health and safety laws in Sydney, NSW - Case Study Example As most the guests who are attending this event hold VIP status, it is very important for Luna Park officials and Event Organizer to look after the safety and welfare of the guests. Literature Review: Workplace safety should always be given a high priority. It does not matter if you are running an organization or conducting an event, you, as an organizer or a manager, should look at various things that directly or indirectly affect workplace safety. Be it a severe accident or negligible accident, it affects people health and organization’s reputation. The occupational health and safety act clearly demands event organizers should maintain a risk register and site induction to ensure all the responsibilities are properly delegated to each and every individual. Site Induction paper will help event organizer in assigning the tasks. The site induction paper needs to be discussed among the group of people who look after various tasks when an event is going on. Site Induction paper w ill have the details of site management team and event details. Site Induction paper also describes the procedure requirements including accident reporting, first aid facilities, fire precautions, smoking zone, evacuation, housekeeping, storage facilities, protocol (If politicians visit the event, common arrangements and other miscellaneous details. So, without site induction paper, it would be very difficult to organize an event. Risk is always there in organizing every event but taking the right care and following proper procedures help mitigating the risk. Risk Identification There are several types of risks involved when organizing an event. Majorly, the... The paper tells that every event organizer should oblige to conduct a risk management process at the site where the event is going to take place. Developing a site induction report and get it signed by venue manager, event organizer and other people who are involved in the process. The site induction paper helps to assign responsibilities to concerned people and mitigate the risk. The site induction paper should be read by each and every personnel who are involved in the process. The site induction paper also describes who should be contacted at the time of various emergency levels. The risk is broadly categorized into three types and each type of risk may cause damage to audience who attend the event. So, it is necessary to understand the severity of the hazards and likelihood of the hazard. Most of the event organizers or venue managers will have a chart to identify highly hazardous places or activities. Luna Park has its own risk management policies in place. The only thing needed is the co-ordination between the event organizer and venue manager who works from hotel side. OH &S demands event organizers to identify the hazards and address them well in advance to the event. The evacuation procedure at the time of emergency should be perfectly documented so that the people who are engaged in evacuation activities know their responsibilities. By taking the help of Work Method Statement, it is very much possible for event organizer or venue manager to mitigate the risk at Luna Park.

Black Man with a Nose Job Essay Example for Free

Black Man with a Nose Job Essay The article, Black man with a Nose job by Lawrence Otis Graham basically talks about how Mr. Graham got a nose job. The reading has plenty of controversies whether he is less black due to him narrowing his nose. This was a really interesting article because there were several critiques regarding his nose in which he described very well. This man was born into a generation were the concept of oxymoron included such things as a black man with a nose job. The reading starts on were Graham and his father are in the car driving to his doctor. During the way over there he faces with several people who are really concerned about him. Moving on from this, graham thinks about how his father would take it. As they arrived to the plastic surgeon he starts to see catalogs and magazines to what nose he would like to have. As he chooses the doctor gives his opinion to him whether it will look good or not. Once he was in the Manhattan’s upper west side to have his rhinoplasty done, Graham stopped and thought that having this done it was an assault to his identity and people. Growing up in a white neighborhood were all of them would get a cosmetic surgery Graham says, it was done to look better in his situation these alterations were made due to issues of ethnicity and heritage. As said in the book he never compared to a white man but surely he did with his own people. Overall, this article is really interesting because it has plenty of other topics such as on how other people of different races as well have done a surgery and have not seem to be different from their own people. As mentioned in the book one’s racial identity is not embodied in one’s nose. This means that it shouldn’t be a problem because you are the same person who grew up in that race. The article mentioned self hatred of being an accusation done for anyone who has done a surgery. This is really hard to explain but in my opinion self hatred in general can be a problem for people who have a low self-esteem about themselves. If you were born with several, in my opinion people shouldn’t change it. People should be happy and appreciate were they come from. These issues will never change because we are in a world where the media really portrays many things for looking better. Everyone will always want to have what other people have but just as the article says it will not make you less of which ever ethnicity you come from.

All the Pretty Horses novel Essay Example for Free

All the Pretty Horses novel Essay The main character, John Grady Cole, faces plenty of hardships throughout his journey from his home in Texas to Mexico. On the other hand, McCarthy writes this award-winning book in a positive way, demonstrating the balance between optimism and pessimism in our world. He shows how John Grady Cole has matured and grown substantially because of this negativity he faces. The reader can clearly see the negativity not only in the first page of the novel, but also in the first paragraph. McCarthy begins the book with, â€Å"†¦ he looked at the face so caved and drawn among the folds of funeral cloth, the yellowed moustache, the eyelids paper thin. That was not sleeping†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (3). The funeral described in the first page is John Grady’s grandpa’s funeral. Starting a book off in this way (with a dead body) obviously points the reader towards the opinion that this book is a long, dreadful ride with much death and destruction. The image of the coffin, the yellowing moustache, and the deceased person clearly shows the negativity that fills this book. Throughout the book, John Grady Cole faces many challenges and much adversity and learns to live with it. After leaving their home in Texas, John Grady and his best friend Rawlins travel hundreds of miles deep into the heart of Mexico on horseback until they reach a ranch offering work called La Purisima. Both of these boys are skilled at working with horses and spend most of their time at the ranch taming and taking care of the many horses there. While working at La Purisima, John meets the ranch owner’s daughter, a beautiful girl named Alejandra, and falls in love. Alejandra’s father absolutely does not appreciate this; in fact, he orders for John Grady and Rawlins to be arrested because of John’s interactions with Alejandra. The hardships that these boys face are relentless, however, John Grady refuses to hang his head and give up. On their way to the jail, John Grady says to Rawlins, â€Å"I can’t back up and start over. But I don’t see the point in slobberin over it† (155). At this point, McCarthy reveals how John Grady has matured and has learned to live with the sorrows he faces. With this new found maturity, and as John Grady Cole overcomes this terrible journey of negativity, he has learned to live with the pessimism and has found out how the negatives go side by side with the positives. Nearing the end of the book John Grady Cole realizes that â€Å"the world’s pain and its beauty moved in a relationship of diverging equity† (282). John Grady has learned the skill of searching for the light in a dark room, constantly refusing to dwell on the negative aspects of his many horrible situations. He has a new wisdom of the world and has learned how it works. In conclusion, McCarthy writes All The Pretty Horses with much negativity and at the same time he delivers a lesson of how positivity is hidden in every situation, journey, and life. McCarthy demonstrates how John Grady Cole learns maturity the hard way: through hardships, sorrow and death. This book leaves the reader with a tear in their eye and a smile on their face, for they know that sorrow is sitting on the doorstep of happiness.

Impacts of Whakama and Implications on Hauora Outcome

Impacts of Whakama and Implications on Hauora Outcome Simran kaur brar 1.1 Choose any four of the following and briefly analyse what effect each one would have on the hauora of a MÄ ori client) Shame: Sometimes MÄ ori clients feel shame to explain personal problems and personal diseases with other person. They feel unsafe or shame to expose their body parts in the front of other person.They feel shy to discuss their problem with female doctor or health worker.The outcome of this problem is that if one doctor or nurse take care to the MÄ ori client by this client trust on him or her and they discuss their problem openly. Self doubt: Some clinet have self doubt about somethings so they took wrong way.When the client have self doubt about somethings they dropped their confidence level and it put bad effect on client,s health because they do not explain their problem properly so that’s why doctor or nurse cannot treat the client properly .The outcome of this is that if the doctor or nurse treat,communicate and take care in good way by this client put trust on them. Feeling inferior: Some client feel inferior to discuss our problems with others and they feel agitate while exposed their body parts in the front of doctor and health worker and they feel uncomfortable when they explain their problem with doctor and health worker.If doctor,health worker and client have a good understanding between them client cannot feel inferior. Feeling misunderstood: Some MÄ ori client feeling misunderstood regarding culture when their body. Sometime health worker change the client,s pad but not ask him in that situation client feel misunderstood so if health worker communicate with the client before doing their work it is beneficial for client. 1.2 Select any 4 and analyse the impact of each one within a hauora context. One to one consultation with a health worker: If client discuss their sexualy problem with same gender they not feel shy this is very benefical for him because they like privesy and they explain their problem openly. Docter and health worker treat him with right way so it helpful for him. One to one consultation with a health worker of a different gender: Client feel hesitate when he discuss their problem with different gender .They cannot explain their problem properly and caregiver also cannot explain their problem to the male doctor .So doctor cannot give the treatment to the client properly and it is not good for client,s health. Consumer survey: It is not a affective way because MÄ ori client do not response to survey.Doctor cannot give treatment to the client in proper way by this problem cannot be solve and it is not good for client health.So face to face approach is more beneficial Group consultation with a health worker of a different gender: It may be inappropriate and it is very hard for client because they feel uncomfortable to discuss their problem in the front of other so it put negative empact on client. 1.3 Identify and analyse 2 adverse socio cultural and 2 socio economic factors which could cause whakama and affect hauora outcomes for  MÄ ori Adverse socio cultural factor one Lack of identity: MÄ ori are affected by lack of identity becauce of cultural and economic factors. Lack of connection, generational impact. These issues put big impacts on MÄ ori health. So if care giver have a knowlage about culture,language by this way they can easly understand the client Poor education achievement: if care giver have a knowledge about language and cultura by this they can understand the problem of client because if they have no knowledge they can not understand client problem. Adverse socio economic factor Education: The MÄ ori people economic factor is not good. Mosty MÄ ori peoples have not peoperly skilled and they do not paid.More MÄ ori are not doing work government take them all the skilles .They are very important part of newzealand economy because this is a land of MÄ ori. Employment: Mostly MÄ ori people not doing work and they face many difficulties due to lack of education.They face health and income problem. 2.1(a) Negative impacts of whakama on hauora Isolation and feeling unsafe while in hospital setting: Sometime MÄ ori client feel shy and uncomfortable with other.They cannot discuss their problem confidently because they feel shame by this problem doctor cannot take him proper treatment and it puts bad effect on his health. Feelings of whakama if using rongoa: some MÄ ori clients feel inferior to discuss our problem with others.They feel agitate in the front of doctor and health worker when exposed their body parts and they feel inferior when explain their peoblem in front of doctor. Literacy: It can also put effect on MÄ ori client. If MÄ ori client can less literate that can be put effect on their health  and our income. 2.1(b) Positive impacts of whakama on hauora Tikanga best practice guidelines: If care giver give respect to the client and sharing all resources by this client share all the problem with care giver .Good repport is Literacy: Literacy is also the effect on hauora.Do good arrangement of education for MÄ ori client because education improve the literacy and economic condition.By education MÄ ori safe their culture. Code of rights: Treat the client with respect,treat with care and receive the right servicesand explain all the condition to the client and listened the client carefully in this way client put trust on the care giver and share all the problem openly this is very good for his health. 1.1(b) Relationship grouping Interconnections First principles Key concepts Kohungahunga- Maatua Matua Tamariki Matua: -parent Kohungahunga: -children They take care of them ,educate them and help them They fulfill the all that basic needs of them. They guide him in all the important decision making in life. Whanua-relationship between parent and child Whanau- Its main responsibility of the maatua to take care of kohungahunga and provide him a safe and caring environment Whenua- Maatua ensures that child is getting safe land to grow up. Tinana- matua always remember to take care of child’s body movement caring his body. Hinengaro – all the feelings and the thoughts of the child is highly appreciated by maatua Whakapapa-matua and kohungahunga has a strong relationship and he is deeply attached with the matua. Whanaungatanga-matua provide him all that things needed to be survive. Kaitiakitanga – they all make him feel his is in safe hands and they will always take care of them. Rangatahi Pakeke Kaumatua Rangatahi: -youth Pakeke: -adult Kaumatua: -elder, These relations are generational They provide guidance They give knowledge about their culture and religious beliefs Wairau They build relationships Teach MÄ ori language. Hinengaro They provider leadership they become role models, provide guidance. Whakapapa The traditional knowledge is nurtured and is not lost Whanauntanga Strengthens the relationship, language cultural belongings and mentor. Pakeke Kaumatua Pakeke: -adult Kaumatua: -elder They are intergeneratio-nal The kaumatua are the role models They pass down about the marae,iwi and hapu by oral history story or by singing wayata Wairua They build relationships Teach MÄ ori language. Hinengaro They provide leadership they become role models, provide guidance. Kaitiakitanga Exercise mana of hapu and iwi through kawanatanga Provide guardianship. Tuakana Teina Tuakana: -Elder siblings Teina- Younger siblings They are in the same family and they respect each other. They may be the role models for others. Includingly they also provide knowledge and guidance Hinengaro Looks at the role of older and younger. The siblings. Whanauntanga They guide each other. Tane Wahine Tane: -man Wahine: -woman The men have leadership quality in them and they command the family The women has the role of kahikaronga They both look after each other Whenua They teach to respect the culture. Wairau They meet at marae build relationships and both are role models. Whanaungatanga Relationship with Marae they play their roles and responsibility. Tikanga Follow the protocols Hapu Iwi Hapu: -sub-tribes Iwi: -tribes They are intergenerational. Mana they share cultures, teach from elders to the youngest Tane is the leader Whanua They support the families. They have nuclear and extended families, Whenua They provide knowledge on how to look after the land and how to protect it. Whakapapa They have connections. Pass on cultural identity Whanaungatanga Strengths the relationship Whakapapa extends the whanua members. Kohungahunga Wahine Matua Kohungahunga: -infant, Wahine: -mother Matua: -parent There is very close relation between the mother and the infant, mother feeds the baby through umbilical cord, looks after the baby, nurtures the needs and wants. Fulfill all the neccesities Protect the baby from any kind of danger. Whanua The relations between mother and father before pregnancy and after. Tinana Mother looks for the basic necessity of infant. Whanaugatanga Extends the whanau. Strengthens the relationships substances like feeding teaching, language and customs. Kaitiakitanga They provide guardianships Looks after the child and teach them knowledge. 1.2 First principles Key concepts Development Maintenance Continuity Whenua They teach to respect the culture. Wairua They meet at marae build relatioships and both being role models. Whanaungatanga-Relationship with marae they play their roles and responsibility. Kaitiakitanga follow the protocols Teaching on how to protect the land The knowledge the gain about the culture identity know how to look after the land making your self confidence in learning about the culture maintaining the identity Through building relationsh-ips learning more about MÄ ori language Wairua They build relationships Teach MÄ ori language. Hinengaro They provider leadership they become role models, provide guidance. Kaitiakitanga Excise mana of hapu and iwi through kawanatanga Provide guardianship Introducing cultural identity from the very basic spiritual down into the deeper information Being role models. Hui-gathering for funerals Learning karakia and its importance(prayers) Setting examples to the youths By learning and practicing mihi-mihi. Whakataki Continuing good examples and aspects for others to lean about. Whauna The relations between mother and father before pregnancy and after. Tinana Mother looks for the basic necessity Whanaugatanga-extends the whanau. Strengthens the relationships substances like feeding teaching, language and customs . Kaitiakitanga They provide guardianships Looks after the child and teach them knowledge Whanaugatnaga linked through relationships. Procreation Proper diet of the child Exercise Participating in the stuff the child will learn. Maintaining personal hygiene for the child. The growth and support to the child given by the parents Keeping the child away from harmful substance. Whanua Teach about the marae/hapu/iwi Provide security Support them in times of need. Whakapapa The traditional knowledge is nurtured and is not lost Whanauntanga-strengthens the relationship, language cultural belongings and mentor. Learning the traditional knowledge. Strengthening the relationship Meeting up in marae. Making them do things that they can learn about Usual gathering with families and friends. Supporting them Hinengaro Looks at the role of the older and younger siblings. Whanauntanga They guide each other. Provide leadership Providing guidance Leading the friendship or family, being a role model for them Showing them the correct path Living accordance to moral and value. Continued to educate others Maintaining positive attitude

Independent Novel Essay on Pride and Prejudice -- essays research pape

Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice â€Å"It is truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife.† This quote out of the novel is the very first sentence and is also one of the themes of this novel. Though it may seem like a strange theme it was actually quite good, if not great. It gave the story funny moments, unsure twists, and a type of romantic adventure that almost every girl loves. The theme is simple, yet keeps the audiences interested and involved in thinking what will happen next. Another theme that the novel has is the idea of not judging people by their overall facade, but looking closer into what is truly going on, and in the process of doing that finding yourself as well. Though that theme may be a little difficult to recognize because young ladies in this novel, mainly the Bennet girls, generally think of nothing other than finding a good husband. Though that may be the case, this theme is still visible in the text. There was only one Bennet girl, Elizabeth Bennet, who did not constantly think of finding a husband and was the same young lady that had to read between the lines not only to find herself but to also reveal her love for another. On top of that Elizabeth Bennet, had a mind of her own and had opinions that some women did not think to be â€Å"civil† for that time period. Yet her opinions were very down to earth and honest. That surprised and fascinated a certain gentleman, a Mr. Darcy. It gave h...

France :: essays research papers

France   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  France is a beautiful country. It has lots to do like skiing, swimming, shopping, gambling, drinking, and dining. Here are the topics I will include in my report, government, history, culture, tourist attractions, language, entertainment, transportation, climate, currency, accommodations, and travel tips. Sit back have some wine because you are about to embark on a journey, A Journey to France! Government   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  France is a republic with a president and a premier. The president is Jacques Chirac and the premier is Alain Juppe. The legislature consists of the National Assembly and the Senate. The president appoints the premier. He also serves a 7-year term. Ages 18 and up can vote for the president and the legislature. The National Assembly consists of 577 deputies that are elected in their political division. They serve a five-year term. The senate has 319 members that are elected for a five-year term. France is divided into 22 regions, 96 metropolitan areas, 4 overseas departments, 4 overseas territories, and 2 collective territories. History   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In ancient times the Celts and Germanic tribes lived in France. When the romans invaded, they called France Gaul. Gaul was eventually annexed. In 400 A.D. the west roman empire's defense began to fall. After that France was an independent country. Hugh Carpet was crowned the first king of France in 987 A.D. In the 1700's the French Revolution started. The end of the French revolution marked the end of absolute power for the French kings. Napoleon seized power in 1799. He founded the first empire in 1804. He was exiled in 1814. Culture   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The 1993 estimate of the French population was 57,566,091. The average population density is 105.8 people per square kilometer. The population distribution is 76% for urban areas and 26% for rural areas. Studies show that the majority prefer houses to apartments. The major religion is Roman Catholic. 99% of the French population is literate. There are 72 universities in France. Tourist Attractions   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Shopping is a big attraction in France. In Paris, department stores are good places to shop. In Normandy, shops have a rich selection of antiques. Sunday is a good day to shop on in Normandy because many stores have discounts. Normandy has a lot of lace too. The prices are high and the pieces are labor intensive. There are some good beaches in Normandy. It has lots of seaside coasts. There are many widely spaced resorts. On the Atlantic coast there are many waterslides, wavepools, and other water goodies. Paris has lots of culture. The Eiffel Tower was built in 1889. It costs $8 to go to the top. It's open daily from 9:30 A. France :: essays research papers France   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  France is a beautiful country. It has lots to do like skiing, swimming, shopping, gambling, drinking, and dining. Here are the topics I will include in my report, government, history, culture, tourist attractions, language, entertainment, transportation, climate, currency, accommodations, and travel tips. Sit back have some wine because you are about to embark on a journey, A Journey to France! Government   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  France is a republic with a president and a premier. The president is Jacques Chirac and the premier is Alain Juppe. The legislature consists of the National Assembly and the Senate. The president appoints the premier. He also serves a 7-year term. Ages 18 and up can vote for the president and the legislature. The National Assembly consists of 577 deputies that are elected in their political division. They serve a five-year term. The senate has 319 members that are elected for a five-year term. France is divided into 22 regions, 96 metropolitan areas, 4 overseas departments, 4 overseas territories, and 2 collective territories. History   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In ancient times the Celts and Germanic tribes lived in France. When the romans invaded, they called France Gaul. Gaul was eventually annexed. In 400 A.D. the west roman empire's defense began to fall. After that France was an independent country. Hugh Carpet was crowned the first king of France in 987 A.D. In the 1700's the French Revolution started. The end of the French revolution marked the end of absolute power for the French kings. Napoleon seized power in 1799. He founded the first empire in 1804. He was exiled in 1814. Culture   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The 1993 estimate of the French population was 57,566,091. The average population density is 105.8 people per square kilometer. The population distribution is 76% for urban areas and 26% for rural areas. Studies show that the majority prefer houses to apartments. The major religion is Roman Catholic. 99% of the French population is literate. There are 72 universities in France. Tourist Attractions   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Shopping is a big attraction in France. In Paris, department stores are good places to shop. In Normandy, shops have a rich selection of antiques. Sunday is a good day to shop on in Normandy because many stores have discounts. Normandy has a lot of lace too. The prices are high and the pieces are labor intensive. There are some good beaches in Normandy. It has lots of seaside coasts. There are many widely spaced resorts. On the Atlantic coast there are many waterslides, wavepools, and other water goodies. Paris has lots of culture. The Eiffel Tower was built in 1889. It costs $8 to go to the top. It's open daily from 9:30 A.

The Natives of Canada Essay -- Canadian Canada History

The Natives of Canada I believe the rising anger and determination by native peoples towards land claims and equal rights has created a situation which must be addressed immediately. Man has come a long way in time, as he has learned to master the powers of fire, and to hunt and fish for food. All of this was done by a collection of knowledge. With these thought patterns, he reached a way of life which was suitable and which created a sense of balance throughout the world's complex ecosystem. But one group of people wanted more. They progressed and educated their minds through time. To some it may be known as plain greed and to others known as common day evolution. To this day the answer remains in the hands of the philosophers. The European continent hosted the group of human beings that thrived for ultimate knowledge and a perfect civilization. The famous quote Trial and Error was appropriate for the European's escalating achievements. Some were fatal and some were rewarding, but they were all eventually accomplished in the great European continent. They then set out to other continents to broaden their horizons and reach total knowledge and enlightenment. The 16th century was the setting for the early days of the arriving Europeans to the North American continent. Countries such as England, Portugal, France and Spain entered the continent and set up colonies which were widely spread out over the land. The natives of the area had formerly agreed upon their occupation of the space, and so welcomed the newly arrived settlers. An agreement was made in the two-row wampum treaty which was signed between the natives and the settlers from Europe in 1664. The agreement would allow... ... laws. Before the arrival of the European's, the natives had a very highly developed society, with a perfect system of government. Now, many centuries later, they see that their common future has been torn to shreds. If the self government proposal was put into effect, a natural resource would be needed for it's survival, and at the present time the reservations do not hold great possibilities. A better location in the reservations could quite possibly open a few new doors to the suffering natives. The current government has constituted the suggestion before, but no actions were ever taken. In conclusion, it is clearly evident that if the natives were ever given more responsibility, which includes a greater authority in the decision making process of Canada, it would most definitely allow them to plan a new and powerful role in Canadian society.

Electronics and Communication Engineering (Ece) Syllabus Book R07

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, HYDERABAD B. TECH. ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING I YEAR COURSE STRUCTURE Code Subject English Mathematics – I Mathematical Methods Applied Physics C Programming and Data Structures Network Analysis Electronic Devices and Circuits Engineering Drawing Computer Programming Lab. IT Workshop Electronic Devices and Circuits Lab English Language Communication Skills Lab. Total T 2+1 3+1 3+1 2+1 3+1 2+1 3+1 25 P/D 3 3 3 3 3 15 C 4 6 6 4 6 4 6 4 4 4 4 4 56JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD. B. TECH. ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING II Year COURSE STRUCTURE Code Subject Mathematics – III Probability Theory and Stochastic Processes Environmental Studies Signals and Systems Electrical Technology Electronic Circuit Analysis Electronic Circuits Lab. Electrical Technology Lab. II YEAR II Semester Code Subject Pulse and Digital Circuits Control Systems Object Oriented Programming Switching Theory and Logic Design EM Waves and Transmission Lines Analog Communications Analog Communications Lab.Pulse and Digital Circuits Lab. T 4+1* 4+1* 4+1* 4+1* 4+1* 4+1* 30 P 3 3 6 C 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 28 T 4+1* 4+1* 4+1* 4+1* 4+1* 4+1* 30 P 3 3 6 C 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 28 I Semester JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD. B. TECH. ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING III Year COURSE STRUCTURE Code Subject Managerial Economics and Financial Analysis Computer Organization Linear IC Applications Digital IC Applications Antennas and Wave Propagation Digital Communications Digital Communications Lab.IC Applications and ECAD Lab. T 4+1* 4+1* 4+1* 4+1* 4+1* 4+1* 30 P 3 3 6 C 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 28 II Semester Subject Management Science Telecommunication Switching Systems Digital Signal Processing VLSI Design Microwave Engineering Microprocessors and Interfacing Electronic Computer Aided Design Lab. Advanced English Communication Skills Lab T 4+1* 4+1* 4+1* 4+1* 4+1* 4+1* 30 P 3 3 6 C 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 28 I Semester III YEAR CodeJAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD. B. TECH. ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING IV Year COURSE STRUCTURE Code Subject Computer Networks Electronic Measurements & Instrumentation Cellular and Mobile Communications Radar Systems Elective-I Micro Controllers and Applications Television Engineering Operating Systems Elective-II Digital Image Processing Satellite Communications Data Base Management Systems Microwave and Optical Communications Lab.Digital Signal Processing Lab IV Year COURSE STRUCTURE Code Subject Optical Communications Elective-III Embedded and Real Time Systems Bio-Medical Instrumentation Digital Design Through Verilog Elective-IV Wireless Communications and Networks DSP Processors and Architectures Artificial Neural Networks Industry Oriented Mini Project Seminar Project Work Comprehensive Viva T 4+1* 4+1* P C 4 4 T 4+1* 4+1* 4+1* 4+1* 4+1* P C 4 4 4 4 4 I Semester 4+1* – 4 30 3 3 6 2 2 28 II Semester 4+1* †“ 4 15 – 2 2 10 2 28 Note :All End Examinations (Theory and Practical) are of three hours duration. * – Tutorial T – Theory P – Practical C – Credits D – Drawing I Year B. Tech. ECE JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD T 2+1* ENGLISH P 0 C 4 1. INTRODUCTION : In view of the growing importance of English as a tool for global communication and the consequent emphasis on training students to acquire communicative competence, the syllabus has been designed to develop linguistic and communicative competence of Engineering students.The prescribed books and the exercises are meant to serve broadly as students’ handbooks. In the English classes, the focus should be on the skills of reading, writing, listening and speaking and for this the teachers should use the text prescribed for detailed study. For example, the students should be encouraged to read the texts/selected paragraphs silently. The teachers can ask comprehension questions to stimulate discussion and based on the discussions students can be made to write short paragraphs/essays etc.The text for non-detailed study is for extensive reading/reading for pleasure by the students. Hence, it is suggested that they read it on their own with topics selected for discussion in the class. The time should be utilized for working out the exercises given after each section , as also for supplementing the exercises with authentic materials of a similar kind for example, from newspaper articles, advertisements, promotional material etc.. However, the stress in this syllabus is on skill development and practice of language skills. 2.OBJECTIVES: a. To improve the language proficiency of the students in English with emphasis on LSRW skills. b. To equip the students to study academic subjects with greater facility through the theoretical and practical components of the English syllabus. c. To develop the study skills and communication skills in formal and inform al situations. 3. SYLLABUS : Listening Skills: Objectives 1. To enable students to develop their listening skill so that they may appreciate its role in the LSRW skills approach to language and improve their pronunciation 2.To equip students with necessary training in listening so that can comprehend the speech of people of different backgrounds and regions Students should be given practice in listening to the sounds of the language to be able to recognise them, to distinguish between them to mark stress and recognise and use the right intonation in sentences. †¢ Listening for general content †¢ Listening to fill up information †¢ Intensive listening †¢ Listening for specific information Speaking Skills : Objectives 1. To make students aware of the role of speaking in English and its contribution to their success. 2.To enable students to express themselves fluently and appropriately in social and professional contexts. †¢ Oral practice †¢ Describing obj ects/situations/people †¢ Role play – Individual/Group activities (Using exercises from all the nine units of the prescribed text: Learning English : A Communicative Approach. ) †¢ Just A Minute(JAM) Sessions. Reading Skills: Objectives 1. To develop an awareness in the students about the significance of silent reading and comprehension. 2. To develop the ability of students to guess the meanings of words from context and grasp the overall message of the text, draw inferences etc. Skimming the text †¢ Understanding the gist of an argument †¢ Identifying the topic sentence †¢ Inferring lexical and contextual meaning †¢ Understanding discourse features †¢ Recognizing coherence/sequencing of sentences NOTE : The students will be trained in reading skills using the prescribed text for detailed study. They will be examined in reading and answering questions using ‘unseen’ passages which may be taken from the non-detailed text or othe r authentic texts, such as magazines/newspaper articles. Writing Skills : Objectives 1. To develop an awareness in the students about writing as an exact and formal skill 2.To equip them with the components of different forms of writing, beginning with the lower order ones. †¢ Writing sentences †¢ Use of appropriate vocabulary †¢ Paragraph writing †¢ Coherence and cohesiveness †¢ Narration / description †¢ Note Making †¢ Formal and informal letter writing †¢ Editing a passage 4. TEXTBOOKS PRESCRIBED: In order to improve the proficiency of the student in the acquisition of the four skills mentioned above, the following texts and course content, divided into Eight Units, are prescribed: For Detailed study 1. LEARNING ENGLISH: A Communicative Approach, Hyderabad: Orient Longman, 2006. Six Selected Lessons) For Non-detailed study 2. WINGS OF FIRE: An Autobiography – APJ Abdul Kalam, Abridged version with Exercises, Universities Press (India ) Pvt. Ltd. , 2004. A. STUDY MATERIAL: Unit –I 1. Astronomy from LEARNING ENGLISH: A Communicative Approach, Orient Longman, 2005. 2. Unit –II Chapters 1-4 from Wings of Fire: An Autobiography – APJ Abdul Kalam, an abridged version with Exercises, Universities Press (India) Pvt. Ltd. ,2004 Information Technology from LEARNING ENGLISH: A Communicative Approach, Orient Longman, 2005.Chapters 5-8 from Wings of Fire: An Autobiography – APJ Abdul Kalam, an abridged version with Exercises, Universities Press (India) Pvt. Ltd. ,2004 Humour from LEARNING ENGLISH: A Communicative Approach, Orient Longman, 2005. Chapters 9-12 from Wings of Fire: An Autobiography – APJ Abdul Kalam, an abridged version with Exercises. , Universities Press (India) Pvt. Ltd. ,2004 Environment from LEARNING ENGLISH: A Communicative Approach, Orient Longman, 2005. Chapters 13-16 from Wings of Fire: An Autobiography – APJ Abdul Kalam, an abridged version with Exercises, Univ ersities Press (India) Pvt. Ltd. ,2004 3. 4.Unit –III 5. 6. Unit –IV 7. 8. Unit –V 9. Inspiration from LEARNING ENGLISH: A Communicative Approach, Orient Longman, 2005. 10. Chapters 17-20 from Wings of Fire: An Autobiography – APJ Abdul Kalam, an abridged version with Exercises, Universities Press (India) Pvt. Ltd. ,2004. Unit – VI 11. Human Interest from LEARNING ENGLISH: A Communicative Approach, Orient Longman, 2005. 12. Chapters 21-24 from Wings of Fire: An Autobiography – APJ Abdul Kalam, an abridged version with Exercises, Universities Press (India) Pvt. Ltd. , 2004. * Exercises from the lessons not prescribed shall also be used for classroom tasks.Unit – VII Exercises on Reading and Writing Skills Reading Comprehension Situational dialogues Letter writing Essay writing Unit – VIII Practice Exercises on Remedial Grammar covering Common errors in English, Subject-Verb agreement, Use of Articles and Prepositions, Tense and aspect Vocabulary development covering Synonyms & Antonyms, one-word substitutes, prefixes & suffixes, Idioms & phrases, words often confused. REFERENCES : 1. Strengthen Your English, Bhaskaran & Horsburgh, Oxford University Press 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Basic Communication Skills for Technology, Andrea J Rutherfoord, Pearson Education Asia.Murphy’s English Grammar with CD, Murphy, Cambridge University Press English Skills for Technical Students by Orient Longman Everyday Dialogues in English by Robert J. Dixson, Prentice-Hall of India Ltd. , 2006. English For Technical Communication, Vol. 1 & 2, by K. R. Lakshmi Narayanan, Sci tech. Publications. A Hand book of English for Engineers & Technologists by Dr. P. Eliah, B. S. Publications. Developing Communication Skills by Krishna Mohan & Meera Benerji (Macmillan) Speaking and Writing for Effective Business Communication, Francis Soundararaj, MacMillan India Ltd. , 2007.The Oxford Guide to Writing and Speaking, John Seely, O xford I Year B. Tech. ECE JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD T 3+1* MATHEMATICS – I P 0 C 6 UNIT – I Differential equations of first order and first degree – exact, linear and Bernoulli. Applications to Newton’s Law of cooling, Law of natural growth and decay, orthogonal trajectories. UNIT – II Non-homogeneous linear differential equations of second and higher order with constant coefficients with RHS term of the type e ax , Sin ax, cos ax, polynomials in x, e ax V(x), xV(x), method of variation of parameters.UNIT – III Rolle’s Theorem – Lagrange’s Mean Value Theorem – Cauchy’s mean value Theorem – Generalized Mean Value theorem (all theorems without proof) Functions of several variables – Functional dependenceJacobian- Maxima and Minima of functions of two variables with constraints and without constraints UNIT – IV Radius, Centre and Circle of Curvature – Evolu tes and Envelopes Curve tracing – Cartesian , polar and Parametric curves. UNIT – V Applications of integration to lengths, volumes and surface areas in Cartesian and polar coordinates multiple integrals – double and triple integrals – change of variables – change of order of integration.UNIT – VI Sequences – series – Convergences and divergence – Ratio test – Comparison test – Integral test – Cauchy’s root test – Raabe’s test – Absolute and conditional convergence UNIT – VII Vector Calculus: Gradient- Divergence- Curl and their related properties of sums- products- Laplacian and second order operators. Vector Integration – Line integral – work done – Potential function – area- surface and volume integrals Vector integral theorems: Green’s theorem-Stoke’s and Gauss’s Divergence Theorem (With out proof). Verification o f Green’s – Stoke’s and Gauss’s Theorems.UNIT – VIII Laplace transform of standard functions – Inverse transform – first shifting Theorem, Transforms of derivatives and integrals – Unit step function – second shifting theorem – Dirac’s delta function – Convolution theorem – Periodic function – Differentiation and integration of transforms-Application of Laplace transforms to ordinary differential equations Partial fractions-Heaviside’s Partial fraction expansion theorem. Text Books: 1. A text Book of Engineering Mathematics, Vol-1 T. K. V. Iyengar, B. Krishna Gandhi and Others, S. Chand & Company. 2.A text Book of Engineering Mathematics, C. Sankaraiah, V. G. S. Book Links. 3. A text Book of Engineering Mathematics, Shahnaz Bathul, Right Publishers. 4. A text Book of Engineering Mathematics, P. Nageshwara Rao, Y. Narasimhulu & N. Prabhakar Rao, Deepthi Publications. References: 1 . A text Book of Engineering Mathematics, B. V. Raman, Tata Mc Graw Hill. 2. Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Irvin Kreyszig, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd. 3. A text Book of Engineering Mathematics, Thamson Book Collection. I Year B. Tech. ECE JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD T 3+1*P 0 C 6 MATHEMATICAL METHODS UNIT – I Matrices and Linear systems of equations: Elementary row transformations-Rank-Echelon form, Normal form – Solution of Linear Systems – Direct Methods- LU Decomposition- LU Decomposition from Gauss Elimination –Solution of Tridiagonal Systems-Solution of Linear Systems UNIT – II Eigen values, eigen vectors – properties – Cayley-Hamilton Theorem – Inverse and powers of a matrix by Cayley-Hamilton theorem – Diagonolization of matrix. Calculation of powers of matrix – Modal and spectral matrices.UNIT – III Real matrices – Symmetric, skew – symmetric, orthogonal, Linear T ransformation – Orthogonal Transformation. Complex matrices: Hermitian, Skew-Hermitian and Unitary – Eigen values and eigen vectors of complex matrices and their properties. Quadratic forms- Reduction of quadratic form to canonical form – Rank – Positive, negative definite – semi definite – index – signature – Sylvester law. UNIT – IV . Solution of Algebraic and Transcendental Equations: Introduction – The Bisection Method – The Method of False Position – The Iteration Method – Newton-Raphson Method.Interpolation: Introduction- Errors in Polynomial Interpolation – Finite differences- Forward DifferencesBackward differences –Central differences – Symbolic relations and separation of symbols-Differences of a polynomial-Newton’s formulae for interpolation – Central difference interpolation Formulae – Gauss Central Difference Formulae –Interpolation with unevenly spaced points-Lagrange’s Interpolation formula. UNIT – V Curve fitting: Fitting a straight line –Second degree curve-exponentional curve-power curve by method of least squares. Numerical Differentiation and Integration– Trapezoidal rule – Simpson’s 1/3 Rule –Simpson’s 3/8 Rule.UNIT – VI Numerical solution of Ordinary Differential equations: Solution by Taylor’s series-Picard’s Method of successive Approximations-Euler’s Method-Runge-Kutta Methods –Predictor-Corrector Methods- AdamsMoulton Method –Milne’s Method. UNIT – VII Fourier Series: Determination of Fourier coefficients – Fourier series – even and odd functions – Fourier series in an arbitrary interval – even and odd periodic continuation – Half-range Fourier sine and cosine expansions. Fourier integral theorem (only statement)– Fourier sine and cosine integral s.Fourier transform – Fourier sine and cosine transforms – properties – inverse transforms – Finite Fourier transforms. UNIT – VIII Formation of partial differential equations by elimination of arbitrary constants and arbitrary functions – solutions of first order linear (Lagrange) equation and nonlinear (standard type) equations. Method of separation of variables. z-transform – inverse z-transform – properties – Damping rule – Shifting rule – Initial and final value theorems. Convolution theorem – Solution of difference equation by z-transforms. Text Books: 1. Mathematical Methods, T. K. V. Iyengar, B. Krishna Gandhi and Others, S.Chand & Company. 2. Mathematical Methods, C. Sankaraiah, V. G. S. Book Links. 3. A text book of Mathematical Methods, V. Ravindranath, A. Vijayalaxmi, Himalaya Publishers. 4. A text book of Mathematical Methods, Shahnaz Bathul, Right Publisshers. References: 1. A text Book of Engineering Mathematics, B. V. Raman, Tata Mc Graw Hill. 2. Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Irvin Kreyszig, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd. 3. Numerical Methods for Scientific and Engineering Computation, M. K. Jain, S. R. K. Iyengar & R. K. Jain, New Age International Publishers. 4. Elementary Numerical Analysis, Aitkinson & Han, Wiely India, 3rd Edition, 2006 I Year B.Tech. ECE UNIT I JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD T 2+1* APPLIED PHYSICS P 0 C 4 BONDING IN SOLIDS : Introduction – Types of bonding in solids – Estimation of cohesive energy – Madelung constant. CRYSTAL STRUCTURES AND X-RAY DIFFRACTION: Introduction -Space lattice – Basis – Unit cell Lattice parameter – Bravais lattices – Crystal systems – Structure and packing fractions of Simple cubic Body centered cubic – Face centered cubic crystals – Directions and planes in crystals – Miller indices Separation between successive [h k l] planes – Diffraction of X-rays by crystal planes – Bragg’s law – Laue method – Powder method.UNIT II PRINCIPLES OF QUANTUM MECHANICS: Waves and particles – Planck’s quantum theory – de Broglie hypothesis – Matter waves – Davisson and Germer experiment – G. P. Thomson experiment – Heisenberg uncertainty principle – Schrodinger’s time independent wave equation – Physical significance of the wave function – Particle in one dimensional potential box. UNIT III ELECTRON THEORY OF METALS: Classical free electron theory – Mean free path – Relaxation time and drift velocity – Quantum free electron theory – Fermi-Dirac distribution (analytical) and its dependence on temparature – Fermi energy – Electron scattering and resistance.BAND THEORY OF SOLIDS: Bloch theorem – Kronig-Penney model (qualitative treatment) – Origin of ener gy band formation in solids – Classification of materials into conductors, semi conductors & insulators Concept of effective mass of an electron. UNIT IV DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES: Introduction – Dielectric constant – Electronic, ionic and orientational polarizations – Internal fields in solids – Clausius – Mossotti equation – Dielectrics in alternating fields – Frequency dependence of the polarizability – Ferro and Piezo electricity.MAGNETIC PROPERTIES : Permeability – Magnetization – Origin of magnetic moment – Classification of magnetic materials – Dia, para and ferro magnetism – Hysteresis curve – Soft and hard magnetic materials. UNIT V SEMICONDUCTORS : Introduction – Intrinsic semiconductor and carrier concentration – Equation for conductivity – Extrinsic semiconductor and carrier concentration – Drift and diffusion – Einstein’s equatio n Hall effect – Direct & indirect band gap semiconductors.SUPERCONDUCTIVITY: General properties – Meissner effect – Penetration depth – Type I and Type II superconductors – Flux quantization – DC and AC Josephson effect –BCS Theory – Applications of superconductors. UNIT VI LASERS: Introduction – Characteristics of Lasers – Spontaneous and stimulated emission of radiation Einstein’s coefficients – Population inversion – Ruby laser – Helium-Neon Laser – CO2 laser -Semiconductor Laser – Applications of lasers.UNIT VII FIBER OPTICS AND HOLOGRAPHY: Introduction – Principle of optical fiber – Acceptance angle and acceptance cone – Numerical aperture – Types of optical fibers and refractive index profiles – Attenuation in optical fibers – Application of optical fibers – Basic principles of holography – Construction and reco nstruction of image on hologram – Applications of holography. UNIT VIII SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY OF NANOMATERIALS: Introduction to Nano materials – Basic principles of Nanoscience & Technology – Fabrication of nano materials – Physical & chemical properties of nanomaterials – Carbon nanotubes – Applications of nanotechnology.TEXTBOOKS: 1. Applied Physics 2nd edition by Dr. P. Appala Naidu & Dr. M. Chandra Shekar, V. G. S. Book links. 2. Introduction to Solid State Physics by C. Kittel ; Wiley Eastern Ltd. 3. Nanotechnology by Mark Ratner and Daniel Ratner; Pearson Education. REFERENCES: 1. Materials Science and Engineering by V. Raghavan; Prentice-Hall India. 2. Materials Science by M. Arumugam; Anuradha Agencies. 3. Solid State Physics by N. W. Ashcroft & N. David Merwin; Thomson Learning. 4.Materials Science by M. S. Vijaya & G. Rangarajan; Tata McGraw Hill. 5. Solid State Physics by P. K. Palanisamy; Scitech Publications (India) Pvt. Ltd. 6. Nano Materials by A. K. Bandyopadhyay, New Age International Publishers. 7. Applied Physics by P. K. Mittal; I. K. International. 8. Applied Physics by K. Vijay Kumar & T. Sreekanth; S. Chand & Company Ltd. I Year B. Tech. ECE JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD T 3+1* C PROGRAMMING AND DATA STRUCTURES P 0 C 6UNIT – I Algorithm / pseudo code, flowchart, program development steps, structure of C program, A Simple C program, identifiers, basic data types and sizes, Constants, variables, arithmetic, relational and logical operators, increment and decrement operators, conditional operator, bit-wise operators, assignment operators, expressions, type conversions, conditional expressions, precedence and order of evaluation. Input-output statements, statements and blocks, if and switch statements, loops- while, do-while and for statements, break, continue, goto and labels, programming examples.UNIT – II Designing structured programs, Functions, basics, paramete r passing, storage classes- extern, auto, register, static, scope rules, block structure, user defined functions, standard library functions, recursive functions, header files, C preprocessor, example c programs. UNIT – III Arrays- concepts, declaration, definition, accessing elements, storing elements, arrays and functions, twodimensional and multi-dimensional arrays, applications of arrays. pointers- concepts, initialization of pointer ariables, pointers and function arguments, address arithmetic, Character pointers and functions, pointers to pointers, pointers and multidimensional arrays, dynamic memory managements functions, command line arguments, c program examples. UNIT – IV Derived types- structures- declaration, definition and initialization of structures, accessing structures, nested structures, arrays of structures, structures and functions, pointers to structures, self referential structures, unions, typedef, bitfields, C program examples.UNIT – V In put and output – concept of a file, text files and binary files, streams, standard I/o, Formatted I/o, file I/o operations, error handling, C program examples. UNIT – VI Searching – Linear and binary search methods, sorting – Bubble sort, selection sort, Insertion sort, Quick sort, merge sort. UNIT – VII Introduction to data structures, singly linked lists, doubly linked lists, circular list, representing stacks and queues in C using arrays and linked lists, infix to post fix conversion, postfix expression evaluation.UNIT – VIII Trees- Binary tress, terminology, representation, traversals, graphs- terminology, representation, graph traversals (dfs & bfs) TEXT BOOKS : 1. Computer science, A structured programming approach using C, B. A. Forouzan and R. F. Gilberg, Third edition, Thomson. 2. DataStructures Using C – A. S. Tanenbaum, Y. Langsam, and M. J. Augenstein, PHI/Pearson education. REFERENCES : 1. C& Data structures – P. P admanabham, B. S. Publications. 2. The C Programming Language, B. W. Kernighan, Dennis M. Ritchie, PHI/Pearson Education 3. C Programming with problem solving, J. A. Jones & K. Harrow, dreamtech Press 4.Programming in C – Stephen G. Kochan, III Edition, Pearson Eductaion. 5. Data Structures and Program Design in C, R. Kruse, C. L. Tondo, BP Leung, Shashi M, Second Edition, Pearson Education. I Year B. Tech. ECE JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, HYDERABAD T 2+1* NETWORK ANALYSIS P 0 C 4 UNIT – I Introduction to Electrical Circuits Circuit Concept – R-L-C parameters – Voltage and Current sources – Independent and dependent sourcesSource transformation – Voltage – Current relationship for passive elements – Kirchoff’s laws – network reduction techniques – series, parallel, series parallel, star-to-delta or delta-to-star transformation.UNIT – II A. C Circuits – I R. M. S and Average value s and form factor for different periodic wave forms, Steady state analysis of R, L and C (in series, parallel and series parallel combinations) with sinusoidal excitation – Concept of self and mutual inductances – co-efficient of coupling series circuit analysis with mutual inductance. UNIT – III A. C Circuits – II Resonance – series, parallel circuits, concept of band width and Q factor. Three phase circuits: Phase sequence – Star and delta connection – Relation between line and phase voltages and currents in balanced systems – Calculations of active and reactive power.UNIT – IV Network topology Definitions – Graph – Tree, Basic cutset and Basic Tieset matrices for planar networks – Loop and Nodal methods of analysis of Networks with independent and dependent voltage and current sources – Duality & Dual networks. UNIT – V Network Theorems Tellegens, Superposition, Reciprocity, Thevinin ’s, Norton’s, Max Power Transfer theorem. Milliman’s Theorem – Statement and proofs problem solving using dependent and independent sources for d. c and a. c excitation.UNIT – VI Two-port networks Z,Y, ABCD, h-parameters – Conversion of one parameter to another parameter – condition for reciprocity and symmetry – 2 port network connections in series, parallel and cascaded – problem solving. UNIT – VII Transient Analysis Transient response of R-L, R-C, R-L-C circuits (Series combinations only) for d. c. and sinusoidal excitations – Initial conditions – Solution using differential equation approach and Laplace transform methods of solutions. UNIT – VIII Filters L. P, H. P, B. P, B. E, Prototype filters design – M-derived filters of L.P. and H. P. – Composite filter design of L. P. and H. P design of various symmetrical attenuators. TEXT BOOKS : 1. Network Analysis – ME Van V alkenburg, Prentice Hall of India, 3rd Edition, 2000. 2. Networks, Lines and Fields – JD Ryder, PHI, 2nd Edition, 1999. REFERENCES : 1. Engineering Circuit Analysis – William Hayt and Jack E Kemmerly, McGraw Hill, 5th Edition, 1993. 2. Network Analysis – N. C. Jagan and C. Lakshminarayana, B. S. Publications, 2006. 3. Electric Circuits – J. Edminister and M. Nahvi – Schaum’s Outlines, TMH, 1999. . Electrical circuits by A. Chakarborthy, Dhanpath Rai & Co. , I Year B. Tech. ECE JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD T 3+1* ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS P 0 C 6 UNIT-I ELECTRON DYNAMICS AND CRO: Motion of charged particles in electric and magnetic fields. Simple problems involving electric and magnetic fields only. Electrostatic and magnetic focusing. Principles of CRT, deflection sensitivity (Electrostatic and magnetic deflection), Parallel Electric and Magnetic fields, Perpendicular Electric and Magnetic fields.UNIT- II JUNCTIO N DIODE CHARACTERISTICS : Review of semi conductor Physics – n and p –type semi conductors, Mass Action Law, Continuity Equation, Hall Effect, Fermi level in intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, Open-circuited p-n junction, The p-n junction Energy band diagram of PN diode, PN diode as as a rectifier (forward bias and reverse bias), The current components in p-n diode, Law of junction, Diode equation, Volt-ampere characteristics of p-n diode, Temperature dependence of VI characteristic, Transition and Diffusion capacitances, Step graded junction, Breakdown Mechanisms in Semi Conductor (Avalanche and Zener breakdown) Diodes, Zener diode characteristics, Characteristics of Tunnel Diode with the help of energy band diagrams, Varactar Diode, LED, LCD. And photo diode UNIT- III RECTIFIERS, FILTERS AND REGULATORS : Half wave rectifier, ripple factor, full wave rectifier, Harmonic components in a rectifier circuit, Inductor filter, Capacitor filter, L- ? section filter, ? à ¢â‚¬â€œ section filter, Multiple Lsection and Multiple ? section filter, and comparison of various filter circuits? n terms of ripple factors, Simple circuit of a regulator using zener diode, Series and Shunt voltage regulators UNIT- IV TRANSISTOR and FET CHARACTERISTICS : Junction transistor, Transistor current components, Transistor as an amplifier, Transistor construction, Detailed study of currents in a transistor, Transistor alpha, Input and Output characteristics of transistor in Common Base, Common Emitter, and Common collector configurations, Relation between Alpha and Beta, typical transistor junction voltage values, JFET characteristics (Qualitative and Quantitative discussion), Small signal model of JFET, MOSFET characterisitics (Enhancement and depletion mode), Symbols of MOSFET, Comparison of Transistors, Introduction to SCR and UJT.UNIT-V BIASING AND STABILISATION : BJT biasing, DC equivalent model, criteria for fixing operating point, Fixed bias, Collector to base bia s, Self bias techniques for stabilization, Stabilization factors, (S, S ‘, S'’), Compensation techniques, (Compensation against variation in VBE, Ico,) Thermal run away, Thermal stability, UNIT- VI AMPLIFIERS : Small signal low frequency transistor amplifier circuits: h-parameter representation of a transistor, Analysis of single stage transistor amplifier using h-parameters: voltage gain, current gain, Input impedance and Output impedance. Comparison of transistor configurations in terms of AI , Ri , Av , Ro, UNIT- VII FEEDBACK AMPLIFIERS : Concept of feedback, Classification of feedback amplifiers, General characteristics of negative feedback amplifiers, Effect of Feedback on input and output characteristics, Voltage series, voltage shunt, current series, and current shunt feedback amplifiers with discrete components and their analysis UNIT-VIII OSCILLATORS : Condition for oscillations.RC-phase shift oscillators with Transistor and FET, Hartley and Colpitts oscillator s, Wein bridge oscillator, Crystal oscillators, Frequency and amplitude stability of oscillators, TEXT BOOKS : 1. Electronic Devices and Circuits – J. Millman, C. C. Halkias, and Satyabratha Jit Tata McGraw Hill, 2nd Ed. , 2007. 2. Electronic Devices and Circuits – R. L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky, Pearson/Prentice Hall,9th Edition,2006. REFERENCES : 1. Electronic Devices and Circuits – T. F. Bogart Jr. , J. S. Beasley and G. Rico, Pearson Education, 6th edition, 2004. 2. Principles of Electronic Circuits – S. G. Burns and P. R. Bond, Galgotia Publications, 2nd Edn.. , 1998. 3. Microelectronics – Millman and Grabel, Tata McGraw Hill, 1988. 4.Electronic Devices and Circuits – Dr. K. Lal Kishore, B. S. Publications, 2nd Edition, 2005. 5. Electronic Devices and Circuits- Prof GS N Raju I K International Publishing House Pvt . Ltd 2006 I Year B. Tech. ECE JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD T 0 ENGINEERING DRAWING P 3 C 4 UNIT – I Introduction to engineering graphics – construction of ellipse, parabola and hyperbola – cylindrical curves. UNIT – II Orthographic projections of points, lines and planes – axis inclined to one planes and inclined to both the planes. UNIT – III Orthographic projections of solids : Cylinder, cone, prism, pyramid and sphere positions and axis inclined to both the planes.UNIT – IV Isomeric projections of lines, planes and simple solids UNIT – V Conversion of orthographic views into isometric views and vice-versa. TEXT BOOKS : 1. Engineering drawings By N. D. Bhatt 2 Engineering graphics By K. L. Narayana & P. Kannayya REFERENCES:1. Engineering drawing and graphics: Venugopal/ New age 2. Engineering drawing : Johle / TMH I Year B. Tech. ECE JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD T 0 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB P 3 C 4 Objectives: †¢ To make the student learn a programming language. †¢ To teach the student to write programs in C solve the problems †¢ To Introduce the student to simple linear and non linear data structures such as lists, stacks, queues, trees and graphs.Recommended Systems/Software Requirements: †¢ †¢ Intel based desktop PC ANSI C Compiler with Supporting Editors Week l. a) Write a C program to find the sum of individual digits of a positive integer. b) A Fibonacci Sequence is defined as follows: the first and second terms in the sequence are 0 and 1. Subsequent terms are found by adding the preceding two terms in the sequence. Write a C program to generate the first n terms of the sequence. c) Write a C program to generate all the prime numbers between 1 and n, where n is a value supplied by the user. Week 2. a) Write a C program to calculate the following Sum: Sum=1-x2/2! +x4/4! -x6/6! +x8/8! -x10/10! b) Write a C program toe find the roots of a quadratic equation.Week 3 a) Write C programs that use both recursive and non-recursive functions i) To find the factorial of a given integer. ii) To find the GCD (greatest common divisor) of two given integers. iii) To solve Towers of Hanoi problem. Week 4 a) The total distance travelled by vehicle in ‘t’ seconds is given by distance = ut+1/2at2 where ‘u’ and ‘a’ are the initial velocity (m/sec. ) and acceleration (m/sec2). Write C program to find the distance travelled at regular intervals of time given the values of ‘u’ and ‘a’. The program should provide the flexibility to the user to select his own time intervals and repeat the calculations for different values of ‘u’ and ‘a’. ) Write a C program, which takes two integer operands and one operator form the user, performs the operation and then prints the result. (Consider the operators +,-,*, /, % and use Switch Statement) Week 5a) Write a C program to find both the larges and smallest number in a list of integers. b) Write a C program that uses functions to perform the following: i) Addition of Two Matrices ii) Multiplication of Two Matrices Week 6 a) Write a C program that uses functions to perform the following operations: i) To insert a sub-string in to given main string from a given position. ii) To delete n Characters from a given position in a given string. ) Write a C program to determine if the given string is a palindrome or not Week 7 a) Write a C program that displays the position or index in the string S where the string T begins, or – 1 if S doesn’t contain T. b) Write a C program to count the lines, words and characters in a given text. Week 8 a) Write a C program to generate Pascal’s triangle. b) Write a C program to construct a pyramid of numbers. Week 9 Write a C program to read in two numbers, x and n, and then compute the sum of this geometric progression: 1+x+x2+x3+†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. +xn For example: if n is 3 and x is 5, then the program computes 1+5+25+125. Print x, n, the sum Perform error checking. For example, the formula does not make sense for negative exponents – if n is less than 0. Have your program print an error message if n